過去完成進行式
過去完成進行式的作用
過去完成進行式相應於現在完成進行式，但涉及比「過去」還要更早的時間。至於現在完成進行式，我們更強調過程。
舉例
- Had you been waiting long before the taxi arrived?
- We had been trying to open the door for five minutes when Jane found her key.
- It had been raining hard for several hours and the streets were very wet.
- Her friends had been thinking of calling the police when she walked in.
這個型態也用於轉述句。相當直述句中的過去進行式和現在完成進行式：
- Jane said, "I have been gardening all afternoon." = Jane said she had been gardening all afternoon.
- When the police questioned him, John said, "I was working late in the office that night." = When the police questioned him, John told them he had been working late in the office that night.
過去完成進行式的構成
過去完成進行式是由兩個要素構成——Be 動詞的過去完成式 (=had been) + 現在分詞（動詞原型+ing）。
| 主詞 | had been | 動詞原型+ing |
|---|---|---|
| I | had been | walking |
| 肯定句 | ||
| She | had been | trying |
| 否定句 | ||
| She | hadn't been | sleeping |
| 疑問句 | ||
| Had you | been | eating? |
| 否定疑問句 | ||
| Hadn't they | been | living? |
過去完成進行式，以 to buy 為例
| 肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑問句 |
|---|---|---|
| I had been buying | I hadn't been buying | Had I been buying? |
| You had been buying | You hadn't been buying | Had you been buying? |
| She had been buying | She hadn't been buying? | Had she been buying |
| We had been buying | We hadn't been buying | Had we been buying? |
| They had been buying | They hadn't been buying | Had they been buying? |